For over a century, like the other Hawaiian Islands, Hawai‘i Island depended heavily on sugar cane as a major component of its economy. The story of how sugar barons controlled the Kingdom, Territory, and State of Hawai‘i in the late nineteenth century and well into the twentieth need not be recounted here. Global competition ultimately brought an end to Hawaiian sugar, and today it continues in a much reduced form only on Maui. Even so, if we look closely, we can still see the influence of sugar, especially in North Kohala. Sugar production needed water, an enormous amount of water. To produce a pound of sugar required up to 500 gallons of water. One million gallons was required every day for even a relatively small 100-acre plantation.